The Delivery Of Social Work Services

The Delivery Of Social Work Services The second piece of the report focuses on to comprehend procedure of maturing. It will at that point evaluate the job and capacity of social work inside more extensive socio-political approach setting particularly regarding destitution and disparities. At long last it will be shown how the recognized issues may advise the approach and authoritative setting and the focuses brought will be summed up in the end. As per World Health Organization, most created world nations have acknowledged the age of 65 years as a meaning of old or more established individual. (WHO: 2012) However, in the United Kingdom the Friendly Societies Act 1972 S7(1)(e) characterizes mature age as, any age after fifty, where annuity plots for the most part are utilized age 60 or 65 years for qualification. (Scottish Government: 1972) Ageism can be characterized as procedure of segregation and generalizing against individuals as a result of their age. It influences numerous foundations in the public arena and has various measurements, for example, work segregation, loss of status, generalizing and dehumanization. Ageism is tied in with accepting that every more established individuals are the equivalent regardless of various life chronicles, needs and desire. (Phillipson: 2011) According to Erikson (1995) psychosocial phases of life more established age has been characterized as the time of uprightness versus despair. T his stage includes the acknowledgment and reflection on ones life. The creators portray more established individuals as a gathering of minimal worry that has moved to one of focal significance in social work calling (Phillipson: 2011) This is brought about by the speed of demographical change that is generally noteworthy in its extend. The quantity of more seasoned individuals is expanding both in supreme numbers and as an extent of the all out populace. The maturing of the populace demonstrates two primary factors, for example, the descending pattern in the birth rate and upgrades in future. (Phillipson: 2011) In Scotland in 2010 there were an expected 1.047 million more established individuals age more than 60, where more established individuals are one fifth of Scottish populace. (Age Scotland: 2012) Over the most recent hundred years Scotlands future has multiplied from 40 out of 1900, to a little more than 74 for guys and a little more than 79 for females in 2004. By 2031 the quantity of individuals matured 50+ is anticipated to ascend by 28% a nd the number matured 75+ is anticipated to increment by 75% (All our future: 2007) It has been evaluated that in the UK in 2005, 683,597 individuals experienced dementia, the number is relied upon to significantly increase by 2051 to 1,735,087 individuals. (Alzheimers research trust: 2010)The issue require to be profoundly examined as far as how society will have the option to react viably to the perplexing needs of more established individuals. Look underneath the surface the necessities and issues of more seasoned individuals The strategy All our future (Scottish Government: 2007) demonstrates the age more than fifty as a phase where life conditions begin to change in manners that can be critical for what's to come. A case of this can be; youngsters venture out from home, change in working examples, individuals possess not so much work but rather more energy for themselves and maybe more cash. It merits bringing up that thinking about old family members at this stage can likewise increment. The time fifty upwards is when physical wellbeing can break down causing conceivable medical issues, for example, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis or coronary illness. Additionally, the condition of wellbeing after that time decline generously and get more noteworthy in its expand. Individuals must face changes in appearance, for example, wrinkles, hair lost or change of hair shading to dim. Also, they physical state crumbles and they are not as fit as they used to be. Structure mental perspective this must be hard to ackn owledge it. Nonetheless, maturing can likewise concerns some mental impacts, for example, changes in memory work, decrease in scholarly capacities or even memory misfortune. Because of a degenerative state of cerebrums nerve cells or mind issue numerous individuals may endure dementia, Alzheimer or Parkinson malady. Wilson et al. (2008) who causes to notice physical, organic and mental impacts of the maturing, calling attention to that maturing isn't itself an infection yet some particular illnesses might be related with this procedure. (Wilson: 2008) Social work experienced crucial changes from the 1960s after more extensive ideological, political and monetary turns of events. To comprehend the current job of social work inside society and more extensive strategy system, especially with more established individuals, it is imperative to break down the past socio-political and financial patterns that have thought about contemporary practice. By the 1960s, more consideration was starting to be paid to the social results of free enterprise that began to be viewed as the monetary request of an inconsistent and out of line society. The solid investigate of that framework is known as radical social work that developed on the belief system of Marxism. (Howe: 2008) The distribution of the Kilbrandon (1964) therefore prompted presentation of Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968, which installed social work immovably inside state area with the intentional division as reciprocal. (Ferguson Woodward) Social work needed to be viewed as brought toge ther calling that offered nonexclusive administrations, to beat prior discontinuity and overspecialisation of administrations. Social laborers were committed by law to survey needs and advance social government assistance by offering types of assistance. Notwithstanding, the legislature of Margaret Thatcher started to debilitate state government assistance obligations to help individuals in need prompting the major ideological move in 1980s called neoliberalism. Therefore Barclay Report (1982) planned to explain the job and errand of social specialists utilized inside legal or deliberate division, the later Griffiths Report (1988) were like Barclay Report as far as advancing more noteworthy decision, support and freedom of administration client and carers. Notwithstanding, neoliberalism subverts the job of government assistance experts, permit the rich become more extravagant and minimize the least fortunate and most helpless people. Woodward and Ferguson (2011) contend that neolibe ral pattern has been proceeded under New work government, prompting managerialism and bureaucratisation. Along these lines, contemporary practice is drawn by extraordinary weight through the powers of marketisation, managerialism and commercialization, that prompted calling overwhelmed by pressure, dissatisfaction and firmly center around complying with time constraints. The work government has likewise been driven by the advancement related with consumerists thoughts, for example, personalisation that spot administration client at the focal point of administration structure and conveyance or direct installments that stress autonomy and individual decision through giving help client their own cash to purchase own administrations. For quite a while neoliberal monetary and social strategies in the UK hypothesized an altogether different idea of what social work ought to be about. The Changing Lives report of the 21st Century Social Work Review (Scottish Government: 2006) includes brou ght huge move inside social work polices through a statement of disappointment of social work that was chiefly brought about by absence of chance for relationship based work with administration client. The arrangement has reshaped social work practice towards giving social laborers extra space to grow great social work practice. There have been activities to improve enlistment and increment polished methodology and guidelines inside workforce just as improve coordination in the arranging and arrangement of social work administrations. Coordination has been created through Modernizing Community Care: An Action Plan (1998) and Community Care Joint Future (2000) that present Single Shared Assessment (SSA). In Scotland Joint Future is the driving arrangement on joint working between nearby specialists and the NHS. The other key arrangement topics are personalisation, self-coordinated help, early mediation and counteraction just as blended economy of care on the grounds of progressively viable association. (Scottish Parliament: 2008) Another huge report that realized change in strategy and later in Scottish enactment is the Sutherland Report (1999) that gave free close to home and nursi ng care based on surveyed needs. (Petch: 2008) The above survey of social work strategy system is a decent delineation of continually changing job and capacity of social work. Social work works inside socio-political structure of continually creating approaches and enactment of wellbeing and social consideration. The truth and philosophy continually has changed individuals and society faceing new difficulties. Social work makes a key commitment to handle these issues by working with different organizations to convey composed help and to expand the prosperity of more seasoned individuals. The basic examine of necessities of more established individuals and current issues in the conveyance of social work administrations. The primary issues when working with more established individuals is association of wellbeing and social consideration inside four principle regions: appraisal, care the board, middle consideration and emergency clinic release. (Wilson: 2008) The principle issue is strict spending this is specifically significance particularly in legal setting. (Wilson: 2008) The issue increments when neighborhood authority must, as typically is a case, work in a joint effort with different bodies. This brings up an outside issue who are going to pay for administrations? That causes pointless postponements and imperatives. One may expect that new Integration of Adult Health and Social Care Bill (Scottish Government: 2012) will settle issue by the joint financial plan and equivalent obligations of Health Boards and Local Authorities. Wilson et al. stresses the significance of apportioning administrations in social work because of low spending that lead to delays in arrangement of administrations and a bsence of time to grow increasingly inventive types of training. The following issue is the evaluation procedure that is viewed as harmony among requirements and assets. A significant component during appraisal is the relationship with administration client and proper strategies for c

Abuse of Drugs International Concern

Question: Talk about the Abuse of Drugsfor International Concern. Answer: The point on the utilization of the illegal and recreational substances in both Australia and globally that may cause significant medical problems has been picked. Unlawful and recreational medications are the key universal concern. This can influence the wellbeing and the general public notwithstanding the economy of different countries. Recorded components From authentic observation, in the general public, individuals were dug in to the utilization of illegal medications. This occurs since long time before organization had the option to control the utilization. Unsafe impacts of the illegal medications were seen since long time (Germov, 2014). From the hour of colonization of Europe, dispossession history and financially avoidance guided the financial hardship,. This is associated with the illegal and recreational substances. From the speculation of 1973, I got ready to frame my perspectives. Right off the bat, I have to discover the explanation of utilizing the illegal medications by individuals and the consequences for them. I have to consider the three determinants, for example, clients disposition during utilization, kind of medication and effect of social and physical settings. Another delineates is the customs and authorization improvement manages the illegal medication utilization (Weinberg, 2012). To control the medication misu se, reconstruction of the social settings assume significant job. Social variables For this reason, I needed to work with the native individuals in Australia. I found that the custom and services greatly affects the maltreatment of medications. From chronicled sources, it is seen the native individuals are overlooked and denied of training and work just as pay. These elements impacted them to accomplish unsocial conduct and abuse of medications. Straussner (2012) referenced that abuse of unlawful medications impact the poor family culture. Illegal medications influence the individual and expert life that is lackluster showing level and individual connections. Thus, they may experience the ill effects of mental and physical issues that may expand nervousness. This can make them discouraged. Basic variables One of the key components is the social factors that impact the abuse of medications. It is seen that for the most part the individuals of lower financial class and young people abuses the illegal and recreational medications. In any case, medications can lessen the pressure briefly. In such case, training assumes significant job to diminish the abuse of medications. Abuse of medications can hamper the way of life, mindfulness, business openings and pay of individuals (Glass, 2016). During working, I found that native individuals are at high hazard as their training level is low. Social setting has incredible effect on them along these lines; they are driven away from schools at youthful age. To lessen the medication misuse, the restoration habitats can assume huge job. The national authoritative structure helped me to shape the information on controlling medication misuse. Basic variables As a social insurance proficient, it is my obligation to advance the data about the negative impacts of medication abuse. It is my obligation to impact those individuals, who are now dependent on tranquilize abuse and attempt to take them back in typical way of life. I have to manufacture a solid relationship with them. Volkow, Baler and Goldstein (2011) referenced that the medicinal services experts need to follow the legislature legislatives and to decrease the abuse of medications. Thusly, I attempted to apply a key methodology to lessen holes of human services framework and prosperity of society including the retrogressive individuals. It is important to make the criminal equity framework solid internationally. Authentic elements From the criminalization and guideline, it is seen that more often than not the honest occupants get influenced by the medication abuse. Criminal equity structure traps the individuals for the minor offense. Some of unlawful medication providers that arrange a wrongdoing circle compromise general wellbeing security. Therefore, now and then the general individuals became casualty of medication mishandle and get discipline. Preoccupation and valuable law can remember some medication activities for the criminal equity structure of Australia (Darcq et al., 2016). A harmony between the different methodologies is expected to keep up. The two methodologies are the valuable statute methodology, remedial focuses and medication court. These elements can fluctuate according to the criminal equity continuum along the area. Some of the time, criminal equity structure incorporates the medication restoration as a section to give individuals opportunities to adjust themselves. Be that as it may, the smashed individuals needs change too concerning their surge driving numerous individuals lost their lives. They have to go to the Alcoholic Anonymous gathering. This is an extraordinary open door for the people who abuse drugs. The restore lawful answer gives open doors for tending to elective path in utilizing drugs abuse ownership. As indicated by the Marchman Act, individuals can get court request to go to the recovery places through the enactment of state (Preller et al., 2014). In such cases, I have to make reference to that the enactments and restorative equity can offer different chances to individuals to amend themselves to lead a superior way of life. In this manner, they have to change their practices and evade defamation. Social variables Everywhere throughout the world, different social practices acknowledges the medication abuse. In these societies, the abuse of medications is acknowledged as the convention in the religion rituals. The way and spot of utilization get guideline through the poise, utilization level and amiability. At times, the pace of liquor utilization is higher wine and different refreshments are considered as the wellspring of beguilement and tasteful endorsement in certain societies. In a town of France, it is seen that individuals takes liquor on regular schedule and they pass the training in their youngsters as well. The than other medication manhandles. During the work, I found that in the history, liquor like youngsters are presented to liquor from the age of 2 or 4. Be that as it may, it is important to change the liquor utilization of individuals as it might bring different medical problems. A portion of the way of life are attempting to show their locale to alter their propensity for drink ing. Livingston et al. (2012) referenced that the Italian and Jews practice moderate drinking and don't permit the forceful drinking. Government can suggest diverse enactment to lessen the mischief, which creates from the liquor utilization and abuse of medications (Society Made Me Do It (Symbolic Interactionism) at Becca Latimer's Blog. 2013). Now and again, incidental drinking can be acknowledged however ordinary liquor utilization isn't permitted. Constructive culture alludes to the drinking control and proposes arrangements to instruct the youngsters so they can lead a solid way of life by being a moderate and social consumer. All around the utilization of the liquor is well known and there are different cases that show that individuals are influenced especially by the liquor and medication. The cerebrum and sensory system are a lot of influenced by the medications and liquor (Quednow, 2017). In this manner, the general public should be cognizant about the abuse of medications a nd liquor and moderate their propensities. Auxiliary variables During concentrating on the sociological stances, the right auxiliary factor is the emblematic communication. This spotlights on the maltreatment of medications to clarify the conduct by giving the rousing messages to the individuals, who abuses medications and liquor. It is important to know their perspectives and learning in actuality. For instance, when a general public imprints somebody as a medication abuser, he kept on abusing the medications and got dependent on it. It is the obligation of representative collaboration point of view to research the explanation of the connection of individuals with medications and change in their conduct. Social and social gathering can address the abuse of medications as their religion part however they don't comprehend that it hurts individuals. Use of medications is useful for wellbeing at a specific range. At the point when the range goes over the range it becomes destructive individuals. The social variables impact the conduct of individual s and prompts the disgrace. Subsequently, different side effects like uneasiness gloom are taken note. Government is attempting to reinforce the criminal equity structure to lessen the issues of medication and liquor abuse. If there should be an occurrence of utilizing drugs for the clinical reason government altered the principles to decrease the medication misuse. The wellbeing and social framework is attempting to help the consideration homes for directing, conduct change, individual help, customer focused methodologies. I found that hurt minimization incorporates solid correspondence, positive relationship, compassion, training, backing and backing to forestall the derision in criminal equity rules and enactment. Basic variables Enormous pharma assumes noteworthy job to raise the worry over the benefit over the medicinal services in Australia. MacRae and Hoareau (2016) referenced that it is to make benefit by telling the solid individuals that they are wiped out. In such conditions, the pharmaceutical organizations assume indispensable job to characterize and support the sicknesses to advance the buyers and prescribers. Pharmaceutical production partnership, specialists, human services laborers and administration clients utilize the media to outline the circumstance as the across the board and serious ailments. Such sort of human services exercises can upgrade the expense of medicinal services and increment the shame for the social insurance administrations. The corporate assets can be supplanted by the choices that are supported about the malady with the autonomous data. The assistance of the wellbeing conviction model and its usage in the human services practice framework may diminish social dread and the shame. In such cases, the wellbeing advancement rehearses assumes huge job. The abuse of medications is a reason for significant medical problem and the network worry that can influence youthful age and upset the profession diagram and development. In Australia, the legislature and the communit

Principle of Population

Principle of Population An Essay on the Principle of Population Home›Research Posts›An Essay on the Principle of Population Research PostsMalthus, of course, is best known as the author of a work on the dangers of population growth. Thomas Malthus is one of pessimist of population who saw population growth as addition in consumption with the natural resource ‘land’ kept constant and therefore predicted that one time the world will come into a standstill when all the land will have been put into use and therefore no more for the addition population and also for sustaining the then population as he argued that population grew geometrically, and food supplies grew arithmetically I.e.  Population grows 2,4.6… with food supply growing 1,2,3 Population growth is connected with economic growth, and it should not be surprising that Malthus and his followers were pessimistic about growth in general. But, in his arguments against Smiths optimistic conception of economic growth, he put forward two of the c oncepts which are central to modern economics. These concepts are: unemployment, diminishing marginal productivity.If we for example take land as a natural resource, its clearly evident that as population growth is widening out with each phenotype bringing forth another phenotype with land ownership reducing to plots. (Malthus. T, 1798) According to Malthus, production requires land as well as labor. Population growth increases the labor supply, but not the supply of land. Labor is a variable input in his long run, and land is a fixed input and according to the principal of diminishing Marginal Productivity; as the quantity of the variable input increases, the marginal productivity of the variable input declines. Moreover, as it is clear the principal of diminishing marginal productivity, it is the marginal productivity of labor that determines the wage. Therefore, as population grows, the marginal productivity of labor and the wage decline. Malthus thought this would continue until the wage is pushed down to subsistence or ‘hand to mouth life’ That is, working people would be able to earn only enough to support their families and reproduce themselves, on the average, and no more either for larger families or for other indulgences.Due to this land which is the main natural resource will not be able to employ the increasing population leading to unemployment due to   over utilization and hence will cease to be productive   this cuts the argument that growth could be a virtuous circle and replace it with a vicious circle of population growth, and, ultimately, bring it to a halt in a stationary state of general poverty.Thomas Malthus (1978) published his theory of population An essay on the principle of population. Species that have reached the extinction threshold and are on the verge of extinction â€" beluga whales, African elephants, mountain gorillas and the California condor might be classified as nonrenewable resources and once they disappear, there wil l be no regeneration. For many years this has been the case but the present generation/market is the first one that really became aware of the fact that the human population is causing irreparable damage to the planet-  air, water and soil of the planet and to its biological resources. Ours is not the first generation to do damage to the planet, but we are the first to realize the extent of the problem.Ours is the only generation that is doing a lot to prevent a massive loss of biological diversity. Huge losses have already taken place and we will have to make major changes in the way we treat the planet if we are to save it in anything like an intact state.Michael J., (2006) If we are lucky, according to the measures the present market is taking ours will be the first generation in which the main principles guiding our governments will not be economic and political systems, but will be learning to live on the planet without destroying it: learning to live, work, grow food, trade, and develop a sustainable way of life that serves the continuing needs of our descendants, and the other species present on earth, as well as ourselves.It is in this current generation that we have received many acts and legislations e.g the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 which states , ‘certain species and population stocks of marine mammals are, or may be, in danger of extinction or depletion as a   result of mans activities; such species and population stocks should not be permitted to diminish beyond the point at which they cease to be a significant functioning element in the ecosystem of which they are a part, and, consistent with this major objective,   they should not be permitted to diminish below their optimum sustainable population level; measures should be taken immediately to replenish any species or population stock which has diminished below its optimum sustainable level; there is inadequate knowledge of the ecology and population dynamics of such marine mammal s and of the factors   which bear upon their ability to reproduce themselves successfully; and marine mammals have proven themselves to be resources of great international significance, aesthetic and   recreational as well as economic.’Stanford Environmental Law Society (2001) In November 1998, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted a series of measures to monitor and manage the worlds fishing fleets. The measures include regular assessments of harvesting capacity, maintaining better records of fishing fleets, establishing national capacity management plans, and reducing or eliminating subsidies that contribute to the build-up of fishing capacity. Governments plan for sustainable fisheries, ENN Daily News 3/16/99.Sustainable Fisheries Act (Magnuson Act) to limit the fishing levels and many more.USFWS ESA (2004) The U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) is the most far-reaching wildlife statute ever adopted by any nation. The National Academy of Sciences has issued a detailed report on Science and the Endangered Species Act.  Unlike previous legislation, the act was not designed to protect only those species that were economically useful or potentially useful to man; it is based on the idea that species are of aesthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational and scientific value to the nation and its people. The ultimate purpose of the Endangered Species Act is to bring about the recovery of endangered and threatened species. The Supreme Court has interpreted the act to mean that the value of species cannot be calculated, and that listed species should be protected whatever the costWith all this evidence and the Condor reintroduction project to change the birds status from endangered to threatened is a clear evidence how the present market is concerned with the extinction which of our   wild animals and more so the whole environment as a whole.Brown, John Prather (1973)  Coase Theorem  is a legal and economic theory that affirms that where there are complete competitive markets with no transactions costs, an efficient set of inputs and outputs to and from production-optimal distribution will be selected,  regardless of how property rights are divided.  Coase theorem asserts that when property rights are involved, parties naturally gravitate toward the most efficient and mutually beneficial outcome. It should be argued in the favor of the property which   has less moral hazards to the public and is more beneficial not only to the private owner but to the state as a whole.Concerning the Miller vs. Shoene (in the US), where a classic conflict of property rights was featured. Red Cedar Trees, only used for ornamental purposes, carried a disease that could destroy apple orchards within a radius of 2 miles. After this case was introduced to the court it ceased to be a private case between the two but turned into a state matter in which the decision made influenced each cedar and apple orchard’s farmers .Gjerdingen, Donald (1983) Comparing the benefits from each of the properties the apples stand to be more beneficial to the state than the just ornamental cedar tree.   So according to the coase theorem, the harmless red cedar trees could, be cut down without compensation to their owners because the cedars were alternate hosts to a parasite that damaged nearby apple trees. It is without any compensation, as addition compensation could mean more cost to the already hazardous property and also it is stated in the coase theorem that the bargaining should be costless so as not to influence the decision making, which means that the question of compensation should not come into mind but what should only be considered is only the economically beneficial product and less hazardous to give the properly rights.Brown, John Prather (1973). Toward an Economic Theory of Liability.  Journal of Legal Studies  2  (2): 323â€"349.There has been a growing movement to remove dams where the costs includ ing environmental, safety, and socio-cultural impacts outweigh the benefits including hydropower, flood control, irrigation, or recreation or where the dam no longer serves any useful purpose. Heinz, Center (2002)The goal of removal can be multi-faceted, including restoring flows for fish and wildlife, reinstating the natural sediment and nutrient flow, eliminating safety risks, restoring opportunities for whitewater recreation, and saving taxpayer money.  Because dams and rivers vary greatly, physical removal strategies and techniques may also vary on a case by case basis. Generally, the process involves drawing down the reservoir, potentially removing the sediment built up behind the dam, removing the structure, and mitigating for downstream effects of increased flow and sediment re-suspension. Techniques may include the use of controlled explosions and heavy demolition equipment. The decision to remove a dam is made by varying entities, depending on the regulatory oversight of the dam. In most cases, the dam owner itself is the decision-maker, often deciding that the costs of continuing to operate and maintain the dam are more than removing the dam. State dam safety offices can often order a dam to be removed if there are major safety concerns. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission can order a hydropower dam under their jurisdiction to be removed for both environmental and safety reasons.There are many cost involved in a dam removal according to where the dam is situated, the height of the dam and the overall use of the dam. The cost vary from direct dam Removal Cost, Transportation cost and the cost of shifting to another alternative source of energy among others.The cost involving the direct removal cost can be estimated by considering the machines that will be employed in the removal of the dam ranging from the source of energy by the machines and the high quality personnel required in the operation.Loomis, J. (1996)The other cost which are directl y looked down upon range from; Recreation and Tourism, Transportation, Water Supply, alternative source of power among others.Transportation costs are the costs for commodities which may be currently transported by the water in the dam because this may mean shifting to other different means of transport like rail transport and others so these opportunity cost can be greatly put into account in estimation of the cost of a dam demolition.Also breaching the dams would directly affect the operation of river pump stations and wells used for irrigation and other activities. So in a dam’s deconstruction cost estimation this should be put into consideration as there will be a cost of installing other water supply.The other kind of cost to put into consideration is fishing where there could be changes in the commercial and ocean recreational fish harvest, this is so because it could be very easy to harvest fish in a dam where they are confined together and also there is ease of feeding the fish for a bumper harvest.Battelle Memorial Institute.(2007)The final cost is the implementation/Avoided Costs which should include all project-related in construction and acquisition costs and OMRRR costs.   The major categories to put in consideration here are: Construction costs for breaching the dams, including wildlife and cultural resources protection and mitigation of the dam, Interest during construction, OMRRR costs associated with new fish-habitat improvement projects, such as the purchase of water.

Gender in Twelfth Night - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1182 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Twelfth Night Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? In Shakespeares play Twelfth Night, we are introduced to romantic comedy and romantic play as one of the main focuses. Even though this play has a happy ending resulting in the various lovers finding one another and getting married. Shakespeare shows us that this play is also a story of homoerotisism. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Gender in Twelfth Night" essay for you Create order In this analytical essay I will be focusing on the gender roles in this play and how gender causes a sexual mess between characters. It is argued that William Shakespeare was bisexual himself (an analysis of his sonnet 18) which could possibly tie into the reasoning for this theme in Twelfth Night. More than any other Shakespearean play, the characters in Twelfth Night display a remarkable degree of gender and sexual ambiguity. Twelfth Night self-consciously creates humor and enjoyment for the audience out of the possibility of same sex attraction. In Twelfth Night we see how Viola dresses as the male Cesario to try and get into Orsinos court. During the Elizabethan period women were not allowed to act professionally, and female parts were often performed by men, So Viola would have actually been a male actor dressing as a woman who was dressing as a man. The casting for this would have been a younger male who had feminine like features due to the fact that Cesario had very feminine features Gender is one of the most obvious and much-discussed topics in the play. This could be argued by people that Twelfth Night is one of Shakespeares so-called transvestite comedy plays because a female is disguising herself as a man. Which as a result causes a very very rough sexual mess between the characters. We see Viola falling in love with Orsino, but she cant say anything about it because she is supposed to be a man. Orsino is in love with Olivia, which turns to Olivia falling for Viola who is disguised as Cesario. Which over the course of reading this play opens up the homoerotic subtext in the play, which is you didnt guess is Olivia falling in love with a woman (even if she thinks that Viola is a man). Something else that is brought to our attention is the fact that Orsino is constantly talking about Cesarios beauty which suggests to the reader that he could be attracted to Viola eben before her male disguise is taken off. This homoeroticism is also echoed in the minor charact er Antonio who is very, very clearly in love with Sebastien. Even at the end of the play we are left in a fog of confusion especially focusing in the relationship of Orsino and Viola. I believe that when Orsino declares his love for Viola it suggests that hr likes to prolong the pretense of Violas masculinity. This is even after the fact that he knows about Viola being a woman he says to her Boy, thou hast said to mr a thousand times / Thou never shouldst love woman like me (V.i. 260-261) He also then says in his last few lines is Orcino declares Cesario, come- / For so you shall be while you are a man; / But when in other habits you are seen. / Orsinos mistress, and his fancys queen (V.i. 372-375) . This shows us that even when everything is out in the open, Orsino continues to address Viola by her male name of Cesario. We can only wonder if Orsino is really in love with Viola it is he is more interested in her male persona. Viola was able to shed the societal expectations by disguising herself as a man. In the article written by Casey Charles it states that this theme of same sex is neither a uncomplicated promotion of a modern category of sexual orientation nor, from a more traditional perspective, as an ultimately contained representation of the licensed misrule of saturnalia. In Twelfth Night the representation of homoerotic attractions functions rather as a means of dramatizing the socially constructed basis of a sexuality that is determined by gender identity. Within the context of early modern theatrical culture, Shakespeares Twelfth Night functions as a dramatic critique of the ideal norm of imperative heterosexuality in three interrelated ways. First, the effects of Violas cross-dressing point to the socially constructed nature of gender in Shakespeares play. Secondly, Shakespeares drama interrogates the exclusionary nature of the constructed categories of sex and challenges the symbolic hegemo ny of heterosexuality by producing representations or citations of same-sex love between Viola and Olivia as well as Antonio and Sebastian. Lastly, I will argue that the final act, through a series of improbable turns of plot and phrase, exposes the failure of heterosexual regimes ever fully to legislate or contain their own ideals. The homoerotic element of the play, while troubling and disruptive in its dramatic development, may not have the power in this final scene to overcome fully the symbolic dictates of compulsory heterosexuality, at least from a perspective of formal kinship relations. Yet even if homoeroticism triumphed in Twelfth Night and Viola walked off stage arm-in-arm with Olivia and Sebastian with Antonio, the problems of the irrationality of desire and the instability of identity would not vanish. Desire is not erased by the successful disruption of gender boundaries; it continues to haunt the subject despite the performance of the most fantastic of loves imaginings. Yet the interminable nature of desire and the fantasies of love that are desires dialectical counterpart serve as important catalysts for the subversion and displacement of those naturalized and reified notions of gender that support masculine hegemony and heterosexist power through strategies of gender trouble. The play stresses t hat gender is something that can be influenced or that one can influence based on how you act, rather than something you are based on the genitalia you are born with. In conclusion the theme of gender relations in Twelfth Night is seen because even in culture today men and women are treated differently based on their genders no matter the type of person they are inside or attitude wise. The theme of gender in Twelfth Night allows the readers to see that nothing can stop how a person feels for someone else. This taboo idea of same sex relationships have been frowned upon from the beginning of time and it is only till recently that they are beginning to be accepted even a little bit. Shakespeare is opening that can of demons that are still affecting many people in the LGBT community today, only difference is today we are making the change, people are dressing freely the same as they are loving freely and nothing will stop that. Shakespeares legacy continues to influence the modern culture because his plays were based on themes that any person reading them can easily relate to, and continue to relate to even till this day. Shakespeares universal them es will always be talked about in every generation for many years to come. References: Charles, Casey. Gender Trouble in Twelfth Night. Theatre Journal, vol. 49, no. 2, 1997, pp. 121â€Å"141. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3208678. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Twelfth Night. Boston ; New York :Houghton Mifflin, 1928. Print.

The Impact Of Technology On The Development Of...

Drawing on examples from Chapters 2, 6 and 7 of Investigating Psychology, discuss the claim that technology has played a decisive role in the development of psychological research. Firstly, this essay will discuss the work by Stanley Milgram (1963) and his obedience studies which used technology to see how far people would obey an authority figure. I will follow this with the ethics argument that surrounded it, noting the issues raised by Diana Baumrind (1964). An updated version of Milgram’s (1963) experiment, carried out by Mel Slater and colleagues (2006) which used technology to replicate it. Moving on, friendship will be examined with the work of Brian Biegelow and John La Gaipa (1975), and other work by William Corsaro (2006).†¦show more content†¦The level of distress was noted, and even though some of the ‘teachers’ protested, the experimenter urged them to proceed, or they were told ‘you have no choice; you must carry on’ Banyard (2012, p.73). The experiment was a controlled in the sense that each ‘teacher’ heard the same cries of distress from the next room, they all met the same ‘learner’ and so on. This point of the experiment is important because although they were encouraged to continue, surprisingly few exercised their right to stop, most just did as they were told, which was the basis of the defence for many of those at the Nuremburg trials, which preceded the study; â€Å"I was just following orders† Banyard (2012). The results seemed to support the hypothesis that people obey those in a position of authority, and Milgram (1963) carried out many variations of this original study. The ethics of the study were however called into question (Banyard, 2012). One protestors among many was Diana Baumrind (Banyard, 2012). Baumrind (1964) argued whether the ‘welfare of the participants’ was considered Banyard (2012, p.79). Baumrind (1964) further criticised the experiment for the damage it could do the public’s perception of psychology (Banyard, 2012). In Milgram’s (1963) defence, he was not ignorant of the potential harm caused to participants, (Banyard, 2012). In fact, he was

Effects Of Obesity On The United States - 853 Words

Obesity With obesity rates rapidly increase in the last 20 years, who is to blame for the widespread obesity? Many push sole blame on the individual because ultimately a person is responsible for their unhealthy lifestyle, but there are many other contributing factors to be considered. It is true that obesity has gone up because Americans do not exercise enough but many other forces have impacted the obesity rates in the United States such as â€Å"gender, race, socioeconomic position and age†(Ailshire House 1). When drawing conclusions on obesity, even though the individual is mostly accountable for their bodies, some of the causes are not the individuals fault. First race and gender are two things you cannot hold people responsible for because that is a force they cannot control. The media articles fail to include this factor in their argument. Race and gender are important to consider when observing obesity. Based the research that Alishire and House conducted, they concluded that African American females and male were more likely to be obese than Caucasian females and males(Chart 10). Race would play a factor in determining if individuals were more likely to be obese, so it s not just the fact that Americans don’t exercise. They also concluded that â€Å"low-educated and low-income black women experienced the greatest BMI growth while high-educated and high-income white men experienced the least amount of BMI growth†(Ailshire House 19). Obesity is more than just anShow Mo reRelatedEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesObesity rates in the United States have increased significantly over the past three decades, which have led to a multitude of health problems in the nation. I tested for the effects on obesity, primarily the effect of poverty with obesity rates. 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The United States is currently is second in the world’s most obese countries with more than two-thirds of adults being overweight (Overweight and Obesity Statistics). Countermeasures to promote a healthier living style are on the rise, also. For instance, Michelle Obama’s â€Å"Let’s Move† program promotes eating healthy food and increasing exercise. The NFL promotes sixty minutes of play for children each day to promoteRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States886 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in obesity is amongst young adults, aged 18-29 years of age (Plotnikoff et al. 45). The University of Arizona is one of the most committed to healthy lifestyle higher institutions in the United States. It is strongly dedicated to the provision of healthy environment to individuals who take part in university activities. However, obesity has been an issue here. A series of discussions conducted in focus groups with the university undergraduates allowed distinguishing obesity as the mostRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States2026 Words   |  9 Pagesthe United States and the rate continues to remain high. With the estimate of more than 33% of the United States adults (34.9%) and pretty near 17% or (12.7 million) of kids and youths matured 2-19 years of age are obese† (CDC, 2014). According to a study released in June of 2013, Mexico have passed the United States as the ‘fattest’ nation on 50% of the globe (CBS news, July 2013). With a 32.8 percent adult obesity rate, Mexico simply creeps past the 31.8% obesity rate in the United States, asRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay2263 Words   |  10 Pageshigh blood pressure, and high fasting blood sugar. Obesity, an example of a metabolic disorder, has been the focus of research and medical discussions because of the alarming impacts that it is having on the health of millions of citizens in the United States. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, last year 17% of children in America from age 2-9 were obese and 32% were overweight (Blumberg, 559). As a result, obesity costs the U.S. healthcare more than $200 billionRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States Essay1871 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the CDC, childhood obesity in the United States is at a steady incline and has seen an exponential growth in the past 30 years. (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†, 2015). Health implications of obesity This incline has numerous negative effects on the young population of this country. The effects of childhood obesity can be both physical and psychosocial. Many different disorders, diseases and health problems occur in the form of â€Å"side effects† to obesity. A major concern outside of physicalRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On The United States1467 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is the cause of almost 300,000 thousand deaths annually in the United States. It is one of the most preventable and treatable diseases today. There is a variety of reason why obesity is increasing. Many Americans aren’t very physically active now days and with the thousands of television shows and movies out now most people would rather sit on their couch and watch TV then go out and do something physical. Also the surrounding environment plays a big role on why obesity is on the rise inRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On The United States1428 Words   |  6 PagesObesity in the U.S. Today in the United States, obesity is the one of the leading causes of death in adults and children. Obesity also leads to several chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. 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Exploring the Hospitality Industry free essay sample

Hospitality businesses are open 365 days a year, 24 hours a day Constant strive for outstanding guest satisfaction leads to guest loyalty leads to more pro? t Services are mostly intangible the product is for the guest’s use not possession only Inseparability: characteristic of services that makes them inseparable (1) from their means of production, and (2) from the customers experience of them. Inseparability requires that a consumer of a service interacts (sometimes physically) with its producer to receive its bene? Perfecting service Service is ‘the act or means of serving’, to serve is to ‘provide goods and services for’ and ‘be of assistance of’ Guest expectations have increased and the realisation that ‘we buy loyalty with service’ have caused the hospitality industry to be re-vamped The essence of teamwork: ‘if you are not serving the guest, you had better be serving someone who is’ someone in the back of the house is serving someone in the front of the house, who is serving the guest (employees are sometimes called internal guests; one employee serves another employee who serves the guest) helps to achieve the common goal: guest satisfaction External guests the people who are willing to pay for a company’s service their satisfaction ultimately measures a company’s success Internal guests The people inside a company who receive or bene? Emphasise on high touch instead of high tech 5. thrive on change leadership involves change, because the external environment is changing when implementing change: 1. State the purpose of the change 2. Involve all employees in the process 3. Monitor, update and follow up Total quality management (TQM) helps improve service to guests by empowering employees to give service that exceeds guest expectations Works best when managers are  also good leaders, they have to create a stimulating work environment in which guests and employees become an integral part of the mission by participating in goal and objective setting. Achieving TQM is a top-down, bottom-up process that must have the active commitment and participation of all employees from the top executives down to the bottom of the corporate ladder TQM focusses on error prevention Quality control (QC) focusses on error detection By empowerment employees will feel responsible for their jobs and have a stake in the company’s success To empower employees, managers must: 1. Take risks 2. Delegate 3. Create a learning environment 4. Share information and encourage self-expression 5. Involve employees in de? ning their own vision 6. Be thorough and patient with employees The hospitality industry is a service industry; this means that we take pride in caring about others as well as ourselves. Ensuring that guests receive outstanding service is a goal of hospitality corporations CHAPTER 3 Pleasure travel 82% of domestic travel is leisure travel (leisure, recreation, holidays and VFR) Nearly half visits friend and relatives Reasons for travel To experience new and different surroundings To experience other cultures To rest and relax To visit friends and family To view or participate in sporting / recreational activities Reason for increasing travel Longer life span Flexible working hours Early retirement Greater ease of travel Tendency to take shorter, more frequent trips Increase in the standard of living The appeals of travel Scenic beauty Pleasant attitudes of local people Suitable accommodation Rest and relaxation Airfare cost Historical and cultural interest Cuisine Water sports Entertainment (e. g. , nightlife) Shopping facilities Sports (golf and tennis) Factors in? Travel is an experience, not a tangible object The experience and the memory occur in the mind, leaving no concrete evidence as to why travel was undertaken and why the trip is experienced in so many different ways by different people Business travel Amount of business travel has declined General economic climate Acts of terrorism Companies’ reduced travel budgets These days business travel is often combined with leisure travel Business travellers for business purposes such as Meetings All kinds of sales Conventions Trade shows Exhibitions Compared to leisure travellers, they tend to be young, spend more money, travel farther and in smaller groups. However, they do not stay as long Business travel will gradually decline even further and leisure travel will increase Many people have more leisure time and higher level of education More disposable income The cost of travel has remained constant or dropped The social and cultural impact of tourism Tourism can lea ve both positive and negative impact of communities Tourism has made signi? cant contributions to international understanding Tourism is a means of enhancing: International understanding Peace Prosperity Universal respect for, and observance of human rights Fundamental freedom for all, without distinction to race, sex, language, or religion Tourism is a sociocultural phenomenon, exchanging sociocultural values The competitiveness of international destinations is based on such attributes as Service quality Price Safety Security Entertainment Weather Infrastructure Natural environment Political stability What is ecotourism? ‘Responsible tourism’ A reaction to the negative consequences on natural resources, ecosystems and cultural destinations Environmentally responsible travel and visitations to relatively undisturbed natural areas, in order to enjoy and appreciate nature that promotes conservation, has low negative visitor impact, and provides bene? Ecotourism is more focused on individual values Promotes biodiversity Promotes conservation Minimises the environmental impact of tourism Increases knowledge of culture and the environment Sustains the livelihood of locals Cultural tourism Visits motivated wholly or in part by interest in the historical, artistic, scienti? c, or lifestyle / heritage offerings of a community, region, group or institution It bene? ts from the United Nations Educational, Scienti? c, and Cultural Organisations (UNESCO), which designated a number of World Heritage Sites worthy of protection and preservation due to outstanding value of humanity Placing local arts and crafts in hotel lobbies, guest rooms, and restaurants increases the demand for them and at the same times creates a desirable local ambience in the hotels Cultural tourism enhances the arts and crafts of a destination by providing new markets for artisans, often reviving a fading art or craft and fostering the development of tradition al forms. Heritage tourism Tourism that respects natural and built environments, the heritage of the people and place, and appreciation for historical milestones and ‘heritage trails’ The purpose of preservation is to protect those assets for the enjoyment of present and future generations The challenge is heritage tourism is ensuring that the increased number visitations does not destroy the very qualities that attracts tourists in the ? rst place Four steps to a comprehensive heritage program Assessing the potential Planning and organising Preparing, protecting, and managing Marketing for success Nature tourism Tourism motivated by nature, such as visits to a national park Baby boomers have increasingly become interested in nature tourism CHAPTER 4 Franchising A concept that allows a company to quickly expand by using other’s money instead of own ? nancing. For a fee, the franchiser grants certain rights such as the trademark, signs, proven operating systems, operating procedures and reservation system and purchasing discounts The franchisee agrees (under contract) to operate in accordance with the franchiser’s guidelines Management contracts A management contract is an arrangement under which operational control of an enterprise is vested by contract in a separate enterprise which performs the necessary managerial functions in return for a fee. Management contracts involve not just selling a method of doing things (as with franchising) but involve actually doing them Responsibility for rapid hotel industry boom since the 1970s Popularity because they involve little or no up-front ? nancing or equity Types and location of hotels 1. Based on location City centre Generally located in the heart of the city within a short distance from business centre, shopping arcade Resort hotels They are also termed as health resort or beach hill resort and so depending on their position and location. They cater a person who wants to relax, enjoy themselves at hill station. Most resort work to full capacity during peak season. Sales and revenue ? Freeway Hotels and Motels (Motor) hotels offer a convenient place to stay that are reasonably priced with few frills. Guest can simply drive up park outside the of? ce, register, rent a room and park outside the room 2. Based on the level of service (Classi? ed into economy, and luxury on the basis of the level of service they offer) Economy / Budget hotels These meet the basic need of the guest by providing comfortable and clean room for a comfortable stay 3. Based on the length of stay Transient Hotel These are where guest stays for a day or even less, they are usually ? ve star hotels. The occupancy rate is usually very high. These hotels are situated near airport These are the hotel where guest can stay for a minimum period of one month and up to a year. The rent can be paid on monthly or quarterly basis. They provide sitting room, bed room and kitchenette Semi residential hotels These hotels incorporate features of both transient and residential hotel 5. Based on target market Commercial hotel They are situated in the heart of the city in busy commercial areas so as to get good and high business. They cater mostly businessmen. Convention hotels These hotels have large convention complex and cater to people attending a convention, conference Suite hotels These hotel offer rooms that may include compact kitchenette. They cater to people who are relocating act as like lawyers, executives who are away from home for a long business stay. Casino hotels Hotel with predominantly gambling facilities comes under this category, they have guest room and food and operation too. These hotels tend to cater leisure and vacation travellers. Gambling activities at some casino hotels operate 24 hours a day and 365 days a year Vacation Ownership Political correct way of saying time-share A person purchases the use of a unit for block of time, usually in weeks The idea is that you bene? t by pre-paying for a vacation place rather than renting it, as you might otherwise do. The pro? t that would have gone to the rental stays in your pocket. Under a Vacation Ownership plan you agree to a one-time purchase price and an annual maintenance fee, Vacation Ownership purchasers own their accommodation time and purchase the right-to-use it for a speci? ed number of years CHAPTER 5 Function and departments of a hotel The main function of a hotel is to provide an outstanding lodging experience Provide all the comforts of home to those away from home A large hotel is run by a General Manager and executive committee, key associates: Rooms Division director FB director Marketing and Sales director Human Resources director Chief accountant Chief engineer Role of the hotel General Manager Large hotels can be impersonal, but the GM has to make sure that he / she gets to know the guests and makes their stay memorable. GMs can be present in the lobby of the hotel or in FB outlets at peak times Guests like the feeling that the GM has personal interest in their well-being Qualities of a GM Leadership Attention to detail Follow-through People skills Patience Ability to delegate ef? ciently The GM sets the tone, selecting and training the best people, and others try to match it Management structure The GM, with the input from the executive committee, makes all the major decisions affecting the hotel These executives compile the occupancy forecast together with all revenues and expenses to make up the budget The departments The rooms division’s director is responsible to the GM for the ef? cient and effective leadership and operation of all the rooms division departments This includes ? The front of? ce is the hub or nerve centre of the hotel It is the ? rst impression that the guest gets from the hotel The guest relies on the front of? ce for information and service throughout the stay The duty of the FOM is to provide outstanding guest services to exceed needs Main functions of the front of? ce staff To sell rooms To maintain balanced guest accounts To offer service such as handling mail, faxes, messages, and local hotel information A hotel balances their accounts at the end of each business day The night auditor waits until the hotel quiets down at 1. Management would like to sell every room at rack rate (= published rate that the hotel wants to get for the room) But most of the rooms are sold at discount on the rack rate To allocate the right type of capacity to the right guest at the right price so as to maximise revenue or yield per available room Yield is ROP * rate achievement factor Rate achievement factor is ADR divided by rack rate Revenue per available room (rev par) is total room revenue, divided by the number of available rooms Communications CBX or RBX Telecommunications department Guest communication Pagers and radios Voice mail Faxes Messages Emergency centre Operates 24 hours a day Trained staff that is calm under pressure and can follow emergency procedures Guest services This department has a special responsibility for the guest, since.